Solve simple problems involving the properties of electromagnetic waves as presented in module 1.

Solve simple problems involving the properties of photons as presented in module 1.

Explain Huygen's principle and Fermat's principle.

State the law of reflection and refraction.

Work elementary problems involving mirrors and thin lenses as presented in module 1.

For optical systems explain the concepts of conjugate planes, principal planes, and effective focal lengths.

Qualitatively describe the different types of geometrical aberrations and chromatic aberrations.

State the definitions of aperture stop, entrance pupil, exit pupil, and field stop.

Sketch the optical components of a simple telescopes (with and without erecting lenses), beam expanders, and compound microscopes based on thin lenses.  The positions of the optical components along the optical axis should be correctly determined in terms of the focal length of the lenses.

Elaborate on some of the characteristics of thermal sources.

Explain qualitatively how a photodiode or a photomultiplier tube work.

Solve simple problems involving two-slit interference, similar to the problems solved in module 5.

Find the position of the minima in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a single slit.

Describe the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of a circular aperture and comment on how this limits the resolving power of optical instruments.

Explain what is meant by temporal and spatial coherence.